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Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (born 1 December 1937) was the sixth President of Latvia and the first female President of Latvia. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected in 2003. Dr. Vaira Freiberga is a professor and interdisciplinary scholar, having published eleven books and numerous articles, essays and book chapters in addition to her extensive speaking engagements. As President of the Republic of Latvia 1999–2007, she was instrumental in achieving membership in the European Union and NATO for her country. She is active in international politics, was named Special Envoy to the Secretary General on United Nations reform and was official candidate for UN Secretary General in 2006. She remains active in the international arena and continues to speak in defense of liberty, equality and social justice, and for the need of Europe to acknowledge the whole of its history. She is a well-known pro-European, as such, in December 2007 she was named vice-chair of the Reflection group on the long-term future of the European Union. She is also known for her work in psycholinguistics, semiotics and analysis of the oral literature of her native country. == Early life and education == Vaira Vīķe was born in Riga, Latvia. At the end of 1944, as the second Soviet occupation of Latvia begun, her parents escaped to Nazi Germany. There she received her first education in Latvian primary school at a refugee camp in Lübeck, Germany, where her baby sister died.〔''Vaira Vike-Freiberga, a Canadian-European'', The Economist, 21 August 1999〕 Then her family moved to Casablanca in French Morocco〔 in 1949. In Morocco she attended French primary school at Daourat hydroelectric dam village where she learned the French language. Vaira then went on to attend ''Collège de jeunes filles de Mers-Sultan'' in Casablanca. In 1954 her family moved to Toronto, Canada, where she completed high school. Vaira Vīķe attended Victoria College of the University of Toronto, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1958 and a Master of Arts in 1960, in psychology.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】Curriculum vitae of Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (until 1999) )〕 She worked at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce as a teller and part-time as a supervisor in Branksome Hall Boarding School for Girls. In 1958, being fluent in English, French, Latvian, Spanish and German,〔 she worked as a translator and the next year went on to work as a Spanish teacher for grades 12 and 13 at Ontario Ladies' College. Upon completion of her master's degree, Vīķe became a clinical psychologist at the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital in late 1960. She left in 1961 to resume her education at the McGill University in Montreal while also lecturing part-time at Concordia University. She earned her PhD in experimental psychology under the supervision of Donald Hebb, graduating from McGill University in 1965. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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